There are several types of button cell batteries, each designed for specific applications and performance requirements.
Silver oxide button cells
(commonly used in watches and cameras)
- Stable and constant voltage output
- Very low self-discharge: less than 5% per year
- Suitable for precision electronics
Alkaline button cells
(commonly used in electronic devices)
- Capable of delivering relatively high currents
- Voltage gradually decreases during use
- Self-discharge below 3% per year
Lithium button cells
(used in cameras and electronic devices)
- Extremely low self-discharge: less than 1% per year
- Long lifespan and high energy density
- Less suitable for very high continuous loads
Zinc-air button cells
(mainly used in hearing aids)
- Very high capacity
- Activated by exposure to air
- Self-discharge approximately 3% per year before activation
Mercury oxide button cells
(formerly used in electronic devices, hearing aids, and cameras)
- Delivered relatively high currents
- Self-discharge around 2% per year
- Contained approximately 15% mercury and were environmentally harmful
Mercury-containing batteries have no longer been produced since 1998 and have not been supplied by manufacturers since 1999.
For a limited number of applications, zinc-air batteries are available as replacement solutions.